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The spark used to ignite gun powder in early American-made smoothbore weapons was usually generated by a piece of flint striking a metal plate or “pan” coated in gun powder. A well-trained soldier could generally fire and reload a flintlock weapon three times a minute, whereas the American long rifle required a more tightly loaded bullet and generally took a minute to load and fire a single shot.In order to boost the fledgling nation’s home-grown arsenal, General George Washington ordered the establishment of the Springfield Armory in Springfield, Massachusetts, in 1776. At first the armory stored ammunition and gun carriages, but by the 1790s the armory began to manufacture muskets and eventually other guns.Following the Revolutionary War, Congress also established Harpers Ferry Armory in West Virginia in 1798 to boost weapon and ammunition production.Remington ArmAround the same time, the U.S. government and some states began hiring smaller gun-making outfits to produce guns or gun parts, based on the weapons being produced at the U.S. armories. Some of the oldest U.S. gun makers got their start then, including Eliphalet Remington, who began producing flintlock rifles in 1816Remington Arms Company has persisted to current times (although the company filed for bankruptcy in February 2018 due to sluggish sales). Also getting his start during this period was Henry Deringer. Deringer produced flintlock rifles for the U.S. government starting in 1810. Today the name Deringer is commonly associated with small, concealable handguns.

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And Eli Whitney, originally famous for inventing the cotton gin in the 1790s, later developed a system to produce interchangeable rifle parts.Colt .45In 1836, Samuel Colt received a U.S. patent for a handheld pistol that featured a multi-firing system based on a rotating barrel with multiple chambers that could fire bullets through a lock and spring design.Soon Colt’s name would become synonymous with the revolver, especially the Colt Single Action Army revolver, often called a Colt .45. The Colt .45 revolver is sometimes referred to as “the gun that won the West,” though other firearms, including the 1873 Winchester repeater rifle, also claim that title.With some initial help from Eli Whitney, Colt developed molds at his armory in Hartford, Connecticut, that could forge metal pieces comprising the revolver. The innovation enabled Colt to mass produce the weapon and market it not only to the military, but also to cowboys in the Southwest, Gold Rush miners in the Rockies and law enforcement officials nationwide.One of the company’s advertising slogans, “God created man, Sam Colt made them equal,” would become legend to gun-lovers.Colt’s patent on his revolver design assured his company dominated the market on rotating barrel revolvers, as well as shotguns and rifles until the patent’s expiration in the mid-1850s.Civil War Firearmsnce Colt’s patent lifted, other companies, including Remington, Starr, Whitney and Manhattan began manufacturing revolver-type weapons and the firearm became one of the main side arms for both Union and Confederate soldiers during the Civil War. Among the most famous manufacturers of the revolver design was Smith and Wesson, whose versions proved faster to discharge and reload.